In Hong Kong, a local version of MoCA, the Hong Kong version (HK-MoCA), was validated in Chinese older adults. 3 Demographically adjusted norms may help improve the diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, the one-point correction for education has been debated as insufficient to compensate for educational differences. 2 Some studies have revealed that the originally recommended cutoff score of 26 leads to a higher false positive misclassification especially on those with increasing age and/or low education. Systematic review highlighted the necessity for cross-cultural considerations when using the MoCA as a screening tool. 1 There is a one-point adjustment for individuals with formal education of 12 years or fewer. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief, useful and validated cognitive screening instrument with a cutoff score of 26 to differentiate mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia from normal. A cognitive screening measure with high sensitivity and specificity is essential for them to decide who needs a more detailed evaluation or make a referral for comprehensive geriatric assessments, including neuropsychological evaluations. Individuals concerned about their memory loss are mostly seen by primary care physicians. Poor memory is one of the commonest presenting complaints and other features include disturbances of behaviour, language, mood, personality or perception. Dementia is a major neurodegenerative disorder and often begins with focal cognitive or behavioural disturbances.
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